Head #8: The Papacy Revived

The Beast that was, is not and yet is

Revelation 17 starts out with John being shown a woman on a beast. The description symbolizes, in detail, the papacy at the end of the Middle Ages (17:3-6). The angel then says that the beast John saw "was, and is not; and shall ascend out of the bottomless pit". Since we know from other prophecies that the papacy would have some degree of control over God's people and exercise ecclesiastical dominance from 538 until 1798 (when it received a deadly wound), then we know that up to 1798 the beast "was" (previously was alive), and then "is not" (is not currently alive in 1798), and "shall ascend" (will rise to life and ascend to power again).

The angel goes on to say that those whose names aren't written in the book of life will "wonder" (Rev. 17:8) when they see the beast. This is the same language used in Revelation 13 when the sea beast receives a deadly wound on one of its heads, but afterwards it is healed and all the world "wondered" after it (Rev. 13:3). The phase of the scarlet beast when it "is not", coincides with the deadly wound on the sea beast's head.

To add another element, the angel describes the time phases of the beast again, but this time says, "the beast that was, and is not, and yet is." The word "yet" in the Greek means "nevertheless, indeed, notwithstanding, yet, although". Because of this, we now also know that the beast "was" (previously was alive), "is not" (is not currently alive), and "yet is" (and nevertheless is alive). We start to see that the beast dies and may seem to continue in that state but really is alive. This is also apparent in Revelation 13:3 where it says he saw one of its heads "as it were" wounded to death, and in Revelation 13:14, where the beast "had the wound by a sword, and did live." The beast comes back to life, but might appear to still be considered dead, perhaps not being readily apparent that it is very much alive.

The Healing of the Wound

During the 1800s, the "secular world proved extremely hostile to the Catholic Church."¹ Influences during the Age of Enlightenment and revolutions were largely concerned with ending the religious persecution and oppression by church and king. The famous intellectual, Voltaire, after learning of the persecution of an innocent family in France in the 1760s, was one of many who believed that even though the

"worst days of religious persecution were over... it was clear that the evil had only been lying dormant, and was still there, ready to be revived at any moment. The time for writing witty books had passed, and the time for a crusade had come. It was now that he launched his famous slogan 'Ecrasez l'infame' - crush the shameful thing. Voltaire always denied that by 'l'infame' he meant Christianity, the Catholic religion, or even the Catholic Church; he meant 'persecuting and privileged orthodoxy'. But everyone knew what was the 'persecuting and privileged orthodoxy' which was dominating Europe in the 1760s. The 'infame' which must be crushed was the Catholic Church."²

When the French Revolution gave rise to Napolean, his army captured Rome in 1798 and took Pope Pius VI prisoner. Rome was proclaimed a republic, and the pope died the next year in exile. The papacy's power was considered at an end. This event is referred to, in Bible prophecy, as the time when one of the sea beast's heads was wounded (Revelation 13:3). The same prophecy also predicts that the "deadly wound" would be healed, so we can expect the papacy to regain its influence in the world.

Though a new pope, Pius VII, was elected and Napolean reintroduced the Catholic church in France, Napolean dominated the papacy and made the pope subservient. When the new pope refused to cooperate, Napolean took him prisoner and annexed the Papal States to the French Empire.

"Though aspiration had lured France toward the future, custom had enchained her to the past, and the time of her complete emancipation was distantly postponed by Napoleon's pact with the Pope. The Liberals who attended the Feast of the Concordat feared that they were assisting at the rehabilitation of the evils of intolerance and tyranny. To their descendants, who have lived to see that the empire of the Church over France was by the Revolution mortally enfeebled, it must remain an open question whether the great gains of religious liberty and tolerance have ever yet been won."³

After the downfall of Napolean, the pope was able to regain some control and reinstituted the Society of Jesus. The allied powers also restored the Papal States. Pope Pius VIII (1829 to 1830) continued to work to rebuild papal authority and "began his reign with a public denunciation of liberty of conscience, Bible societies, Freemasonry, and the Carbonari."⁴ Despite these efforts, strong resistance to the papacy continued and more revolutions that included anti-papal expressions occurred throughout Europe.

The papal difficulties continued, and in 1870, the Papal States came to an end when French troops withdrew their protection, Italian troops took Rome, and the pope lost all temporal power. The pope refused to recognize the new situation, and he and his successors henceforth described themselves as "prisoners in the Vatican."⁵

Since then, the papacy seemed to start regaining its hold. By the early 1900s, it had diplomatic relations with most Protestant governments and was again exerting political influence. A very significant turn occurred in 1929, when a treaty between the Vatican State and Italy restored its temporal power and Vatican City became an independent state. This was a major step in the papacy's healing. This enabled it to get involved in politics again as an independent country, becoming extremely influential before the end of the century.

The Beast with 7 Heads

While all this is happening to the papal head, the other heads on the beast are still playing their roles, including rising to dominance when it is their turn and then declining in power. At the point of time to which the angel took John in vision in Revelation 17 (1798 AD - the end of the 1260 years), the 6th head of the beast, the House of Habsburg, is dominant (during the 6th trumpet). Thus, five are fallen (1st - 5th heads), one is currently falling (Habsburgs - 1449 to 1840), and one is yet to become dominant and fall (Freemasonry, the 7th head beginning in 1840).

Status of the Heads in 1798:

Five have fallen:	(1) Roman Senate (2) Roman Military (3) Merovingian Franks (4) Papacy (5) Council of Electors
One is:	(6) House of Habsburg
One is yet to come:	(7) Freemasonry

As the consecutive nature of the heads is brought to light (Rev. 17:10), the angel brings our view to the end of the 7 Heads and says that there is also an eighth. The eighth head is "the beast that was and is not" (papal-led Roman realm), and it is "of the seven" (proceeds out from among the seven heads, or it is also one of the seven heads -- the papacy was also the 4th head), and "goeth into perdition" (will be destroyed). This eighth head, the papacy, will rule again, when the 7th Head imitates it ("image of the beast") as the 10 Horns give it their support by enacting papal-inspired laws. The Bible refers to this as a short time period during the very end (Rev. 17:12) of the 7th time period.

Since the 7th head rules while the Papacy is healing/ascending, it is thus referred to as the beast that ascends from the bottomless pit (lifeless place). In other words, the beast that ascends from the bottomless pit symbolizes the Freemasonry-led Roman realm, because Freemasonry rules the Roman realm while the Papacy ascends back into power.

Though the 8th head is not yet ruling politically (by being imitated), its wound appears healed and the world is mostly wondering after it. Though Protestantism is the dominant type of religion in the Roman realm, it has retained beliefs modeled after its mother, the Papacy. Protestant churches are wondering after the beast by following, more and more, the teachings of the Catholic church and therefore tradition over the Bible. Some of these teachings are readily apparent when contrasting the 10 commandments in the Bible (primarily the 2nd and 4th) with the 10 commandments as taught in the catechism of the Catholic church.

Summary:

• The angel is explaining the meaning to John from the point in time to which John was carried "away in the spirit into the wilderness" (Rev. 17:3). Revelation 17:3-6 describes the scarlet beast at the end of its papal-led Catholic phase (1798). This is when the papal head "was, and is not", or in other words when it received its deadly wound (1798).
• The scarlet beast of Revelation 17 represents the Roman realm, primarily during its Freemasonry-led Protestant phase (1798 to Second Coming).
• Each of its 7 heads represents a political power within the Roman realm (just like the 4 heads on the leopard in Daniel represent 4 political powers with the single realm of Greece). Each head rises and falls from dominant political power, yet even before and after losing dominance, they still play roles that affect the nations of the realm (10 horns).
• At the time of the beast's wound (1798), five of the beast's heads had already completed their fall, one was in the process of falling (Habsburgs - the 6th head), and one was yet to come into dominance and fall (Freemasonry - the 7th head).
• The eighth head is the papacy, which is the healed 4th head, and it heals and ascends back to power ("image of the beast" is formed) while the 7th Head is dominant.
• The 7th Head is Freemasonry, which rules while the papal head is healing/ascending, and thus it is referred to as the beast that ascends from the bottomless pit (lifeless place). In other words, the beast that ascends from the bottomless pit symbolizes the Freemasonry-led Roman realm, because Freemasonry rules the Roman realm while the Papacy ascends back into power.
• When the 7th Head morphs into a power that mimics the 4th Head, it is referred to as the 8th Head.

See label descriptions and more details of the papacy's power curve.

The Image of the Beast - The Papacy's Promoter

The role of Freemasonry and its web of secret societies in bringing about end-time conditions was documented in Ellen G. White's writings.

"There will be more and still more external parade by worldly powers. Under different symbols, God presented to John the wicked character and seductive influence of those who have been distinguished for their persecution of His people. The eighteenth chapter of Revelation speaks of mystic Babylon, fallen from her high estate to become a persecuting power. Those who keep the commandments of God and have the faith of Jesus are the object of the wrath of this power. John writes: [Revelation 18:1-8, quoted]. This terrible picture, drawn by John to show how completely the powers of earth will give themselves over to evil, should show those who have received the truth how dangerous it is to link up with secret societies or to join themselves in any way with those who do not keep God's commandments" (White, E. G. Manuscript Releases, vol. 14 [Nos. 1081-1135]. Silver Spring, MD: Ellen G. White Estate. Page 152.1-152.2. Retrieved from https://egwwritings.org/book/b58.).

"The world is a theater; the actors, its inhabitants, are preparing to act their part in the last great drama. With the great masses of mankind there is no unity, except as men confederate to accomplish their selfish purposes. God is looking on. His purposes in regard to His rebellious subjects will be fulfilled. The world has not been given into the hands of men, though God is permitting the elements of confusion and disorder to bear sway for a season. A power from beneath is working to bring about the last great scenes in the drama - Satan coming as Christ, and working with all deceivableness of unrighteousness in those who are binding themselves together in secret societies. Those who are yielding to the passion for confederation are working out the plans of the enemy. The cause will be followed by the effect. Transgression has almost reached its limit. Confusion fills the world, and a great terror is soon to come upon human beings. The end is very near. We who know the truth should be preparing for what is soon to break upon the world as an overwhelming surprise" (White, E. G. Testimonies for the Church, vol. 8. Mountain View, CA: Pacific Press Publishing Association. Page 27.4-28.1. Retrieved from https://egwwritings.org/book/b112.).

As Freemasonry operates to bring about the end-time prophetic conditions, the question arises if Freemasonry will decline in power just like all of the previous heads and be taken over by the 8th Head. If we just look at Freemasonry membership statistics, a decrease can be seen since the 1960s. In the USA, there were 4,103,161 members at its peak in 1959, which decreased to its lowest point of 869,429 members in 2023.⁶ Another indicator of a possible decline of the political power of Freemasonry can be seen in the U.S. Supreme Court. From the time of the first appointment to the Court, there was almost always at least one Freemason, and from 1949 to 1954, 8 of the 9 members were Freemasons. However, in 1992, for the first time, there is not a single Freemason member of the Supreme Court.⁷ This decline is accompanied by a corresponding rise of Catholic power. Since its founding in 1789, the Supreme Court members were almost always Protestant. However, in 2010, there were no Protestant members for the first time in history. Currently, there are 6, and possibly 7, Catholics making up the majority of the Court. If indeed Freemasonry is in decline and if the 7th Head must weaken in order for the 8th Head to take power, then the time period of the 8th Head is imminent.

However, prophecies depict an unusual situation during this time period where there are two powers that work together (Revelation 13). This transition then, would not be a result of political takeover and conflict between the two powers, but more of an alliance, a willing handing over of power or a setting up of the power of one by the other. The 8th Head is depicted as ruling again because the 10 Horns give it their power, and because the 7th Head mimics it, enacting its laws and promoting it to the world. The 8th Head then becomes part of the 7th time period as it is propped up by the still-powerful 7th Head.

For example, the Earth Beast of Revelation 13 (representing Freemasonry at work in the Protestant USA - 7th Head) ends up promoting the Sea Beast (the papacy - 4th and 8th Head). It does miracles (Rev. 13:13), causing people to worship the Sea Beast (papacy), and it creates an image of the beast (a similar system of a church-state union). Elsewhere depicted as the False Prophet, this same entity (Freemasonry at work primarily in the Protestant USA) works miracles (Rev. 19:20) through spiritualism (Rev. 16:13-14). A prophet is someone who speaks for God. A false prophet is someone who falsely claims to be speaking for God. The Earth Beast is described as having two horns like a lamb (appearing Christlike) but speaking like a dragon (Satan) (Rev. 13:11). The USA claims to be speaking for God but ends up really promoting the law of the papacy, and prepares the way for the papacy's methods to become politically dominant again. Note that the entity with the power to create the image of the beast is the earth beast, the USA, powerful to the very end. There are a number of other indicators in prophecy that the USA is in power until the Second Coming.

Another example of this cooperation can be seen in the prophecy of the woman riding the beast in Revelation 17. The woman, a harlot (apostatized Christian churches, initially the Catholic mother and later her Protestant daughters), is riding the beast (Roman realm, initially led by the first 6 consecutive Heads and later by the 7th, Freemasonry). This symbolizes religious powers uniting inappropriately with state powers. The papacy set up this type of system during the Middle Ages, and the Protestant-led USA sets up this type of system during the end of time, which is called the "image of the beast" (Rev. 13:14). When this image of the beast is setup, the USA legislates religious laws, thus forming a persecuting union of church and state (8th Head). This situation may seem unlikely in a freedom-loving republic, but as nineteenth century liberals had observed through the mistakes of the revolution, "the will of the majority can be as wrong and oppressive as that of a despot."⁸

Yet another example is seen in Revelation 17. "And the ten horns which thou sawest are ten kings, which have received no kingdom as yet; but receive power as kings one hour with the beast. These have one mind, and shall give their power and strength unto the beast" (Rev. 17:12-13,17). The divided nations of decentralized Rome (10 horns) give their power to the Papacy (beast / 8th Head). Note the word "give". This seems like a willing cooperation, not a takeover by someone more powerful.

Thus, we have now explored three prophecies in Revelation that all point to Freemasonry for their fulfillment. Though each prophecy highlights events that occur in different countries, they are parallel prophecies in that they each identify the same political power of Freemasonry. Notice how each prophecy brings this new political power to light by events occurring around 1798.

• A) Revelation 11: The Beast from the Bottomless Pit. As studied in a previous chapter, this beast represents the power that ruled in France during the French revolution of the 1790s, which was Freemasonry. It appears in France at the end of the 1260 years of papal persecution of the two witnesses.
  
  
• B) Revelation 17: The Beast from the Bottomless Pit. This beast represents the power that rules the Roman realm while the papacy's wound is being healed, which is Freemasonry. It rises after the 1260 years (538 to 1798 AD) when the woman is drunk with the blood of martyrs in the wilderness (Rev. 17:3-6). The 7th head on the beast from the bottomless pit is the one being brought to light in Revelation 17 as the final end-time persecutor of God's people. The 7th head represents the 7th political power in the Roman realm, which is Freemasonry. As shown in previous chapters, Freemasonry was the entity that replaced the 6th head (House of Hapsburg), controlled the seats of power in the leading nations of the realm (e.g. the succession of British rulers who are Freemasons, and the establishment of constitutions and laws governing other rulers) and exerted tremendous political and cultural influence throughout the realm.
  
  
• C) Revelation 13: The Beast from the Earth. This beast represents the power that ruled in the USA as it rose from a relatively unpopulated area of the world, which is Freemasonry. It appears on the scene after one of the heads on the beast from the sea is wounded (1798).

Ellen G. White wrote that Babylon (the woman who rides the beast, representing apostate churches that persecute through state powers - Revelation 17) is the same power as the earth beast (the persecuting power in Revelation 13).

"The churches, represented by Babylon, are represented as having fallen from their spiritual state to become a persecuting power against those who keep the commandments of God and have the testimony of Jesus Christ. To John this persecuting power is represented as having horns like a lamb, but as speaking like a dragon. - Testimonies to Ministers and Gospel Workers, 117 (1896). {Ev 197.2}"

How can those two symbols represent the same power? And furthermore, how can they also be the same power as the beast from the bottomless pit in Revelation 11? Freemasonry, at work in all these places and times, provides the link that ties these symbols together. History shows that it was Freemasonry and its web of secret societies that inspired and implemented the French revolution which resulted in taking the pope prisoner and declaring the papacy at an end in 1798. Thus, Freemasonry inflicted the deadly wound on the sea beast (papacy) as predicted in Revelation 13. It is strange then how these two powers eventually grow to work together in later years. No one would predict such an event. Only the Bible provides such accuracy so far ahead of time.

Indeed, the voluntary cooperation between Protestants and Catholics indicated in the prophecies is an interesting development, given the long history of conflict and animosity between the papacy and Freemasonry. The founder of Freemasonry in Amsterdam in the mid-18th century, Rousset de Missy, wrote in a letter to a friend, "we are friends to all the world... except to the Jesuits, whom not one master of a lodge would receive in our order."⁹

Freemason Michael L. Brodsky calls the situation in European countries as the "long feud between freemasonry and the Catholic Church."¹⁰ Another Freemason author states that "there is no question that the overwhelming majority of Freemasons over the centuries have been Protestants, especially in English-speaking countries."¹¹ Historian Diarmaid MacCulloch describes that Freemasonry's secrecy was "calculated to put them beyond the reach of the Church authorities" and that "part of Freemasonry's continuing Reformed inheritance was a general hostility to the institution of the Catholic Church."¹²

"A number of Christian denominations have taken positions opposing Freemasonry. The Roman Catholic Church has been one of the most vigorous in its opposition. Pope Clement XII issued the first bull against Freemasonry on April 27, 1738. Different Popes issued six additional bulls before April 20, 1884, when Pope Leo XIII issued the encyclical Humanum Genus, the strongest and most comprehensive papal condemnation of Freemasonry. In it, the Pope attacked Freemasonry as a 'wicked force' and a 'contagious disease' because Freemasons (1) call for religious liberty, (2) call for separation of [the Roman Catholic] Church and state, (3) call for the education of children by laymen rather than the Church, and (4) believe people have the right to make their own laws and elect their own government."¹³

In the 1830s in Hungary, most members were either Lutheran or Calvinist, and "Protestantism actually came to be identified with the very notion of reform, insofar as Catholic conservatives were to refer to the "Reform Party" and the "Protestant Party" interchangeably."¹⁴ In many countries, especially southern Europe, Central America and South America, "in the absence of any popular Protestant alternative to the Catholic Church, the Masonic Lodge became a rallying point for all who loathed ecclesiastical power."¹⁵

In spite of its history of animosity, prophecy indicates Freemasonry and the papacy will end up cooperating towards the same goals. There is some evidence that events able to make this possible have begun. For example, in the 1940s, the French resistance movement against the Nazi German occupation of France included both Freemasons and Catholics. In finding common ground, the possibility was raised of "at last putting an end to the 200 years of conflict between the Continental Freemasons and the Catholic Church."¹⁶

More notably, following the Second Vatican Council in 1962-1965, a more tolerant Catholic attitude has caused relations between the papacy and Freemasonry to greatly improve.¹⁷ Though the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, issued in 1983, still prohibits Catholics from becoming Freemasons, there have been voices in favor of lifting the ban, especially as it applies to the American version of Freemasonry. There was speculation and hope among Freemasons that Pope Francis, with his seeming relaxation of the rules, would make reconciliation between the two groups possible.¹⁸

Today's American Freemasonry strongly promotes tolerance and religious ecumenism. In addition, it promotes a mystic experience with God, revealing methods to transform oneself into a higher state.¹⁹ These characteristics match the Bible predictions of an end-time power consisting of many religions cooperating together that are saturated with humanism and spiritualism.

Since Freemasonry is a political entity leading the Roman realm (head on the beast), controlled primarily by Protestants (the daughters of the woman - Babylon), it fulfills the specifications of the scarlet beast of Revelation 17. Both Protestantism and Freemasonry start out with noble and God-given ideas, creating a lamb-like nation in the United States of America. But, the U.S.A., along with the entire Roman realm, goes on to reject God's laws and brings the judgment of the 7th Trumpet upon itself. Eventually, it speaks like a dragon (Rev. 13). Thus, the woman, Babylon (initially composed of the apostatized Catholic churches of the Middle Ages), is joined by her daughters (those Protestant churches that apostatized after the reformation), and as the Second Coming draws closer, they ride together on the beast (the Roman realm) as the 7th head (Freemasonry) cooperates to lift up, and form an image of, the 8th head (papacy).

The rulers of nations (10 Horns) and central political influences (7 Heads), during the 1260 years of papal ecclesiastical supremacy, were generally doing what the papacy instructed them to do in spiritual matters (time of the papacy's ecclesiastical dominance - 538 to 1798 AD). Though there were many struggles for dominance, arguments and rebellions, the Franks, the Holy Roman Empire and the House of Habsburg often persecuted and controlled people as the papacy directed. Also, it was the state power of the Eastern Roman Emperor (Byzantine) who declared the Bishop of Rome as supreme and overcame the dissenting tribes, which launched the 1260 years.

Though the Roman church, mainstream Protestantism and Freemasonry, all fall from their initial high calling and reject the everlasting gospel, not all individuals within those organizations have fallen. God calls His people out of these corrupted organizations. "And I heard another voice from heaven, saying, Come out of her [Babylon], my people, that ye be not partakers of her sins, and that ye receive not of her plagues" (Revelation 18:4).

God calls individual Catholics, Protestants and Freemasons who hear His voice, "My people". He loves them and invites them to leave those organizations that have apostatized and to embrace truth, freedom and life with Him. Those who accept become heirs with Him of the final realm. This offer represents true brotherhood.

"Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord's sake: whether it be to the king, as supreme; Or unto governors, as unto them that are sent by him for the punishment of evildoers, and for the praise of them that do well. For so is the will of God, that with well doing ye may put to silence the ignorance of foolish men: As free, and not using your liberty for a cloke of maliciousness, but as the servants of God. Honour all men. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honour the king" (1 Peter 2:13-17).

The following chart compares the symbolism of the various beasts in Revelation and reveals the repeating patterns. It shows how Revelation repeatedly reveals three main phases of religion during the Roman realm: Paganism, Catholicism and Protestantism. As Catholicism became synonymous with the papacy in the Middle Ages, Protestantism becomes synonymous with Freemasonry, though a bit more secretively, during end times.


(click on image to enlarge)

Continue to: 7 Last Plagues

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Notes:

• 1. Stagaman, David J. Authority in the Church. Minnesota: The Liturgical Press, 1999. Page 111.
• 2. Ridley, Jasper. A Brief History of the Freemasons. Robinson, 2008. Page 67.
• 3. Birch, Una. Secret Societies. Florida: Ibis Press, 2007. James Wasserman, Editor. Page 163.
• 4. Newman, Albert Henry. A Manual of Church History. Volume II. Philadelphia: The American Baptist Publication Society, 1931. Page 451.
• 5. Authority in the Church. Page 87.
• 6. "Masonic Membership Statistics." Masonic Service Association of North America. https://msana.com/services/u-s-membership-statistics/. Accessed 15 Aug 2025.
• 7. Bessel, Paul M. "U. S. Supreme Court Justices who were Freemasons." The Masonic Trowel. Accessed 15 Aug 2025. http://www.themasonictrowel.com/Articles/General/about_individual_files/us_supreme_court_justices_were_masons.htm.
• 8. Greer, Thomas H. and Gavin Lewis. A Brief History of the Western World. Sixth Edition. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 1992. Page 494.
• 9. Jacob, Margaret C. Living the Enlightenment. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. Page 123.
• 10. Brodsky, Michel L. "A European View of Masonic Growth." The Masonic Trowel. Accessed 15 Aug 2025. http://www.themasonictrowel.com/Articles/History/other_files/a_euopean_view_of_masonic_growth.htm.
• 11. Hodapp, Christopher. Freemasons for Dummies. New Jersey: Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2005. Page 72.
• 12. MacCulloch, Diarmaid. Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years. New York: Penguin Group, 2010. Page 772.
• 13. "Background for the Study on Freemasonry." Masonic World. Accessed 15 Aug 2025. https://masonicworld.com/articles/Files/Background-For-The-Study-On-Freemasonry.htm.
• 14. Parsons, Nicholas T. "Custodians of the Future". Accessed 15 Aug 2025. https://www.c3.hu/scripta/thq/1998/152/14pars.htm.
• 15. Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years. Page 822.
• 16. A Brief History of the Freemasons. Page 235.
• 17. A Brief History of the Freemasons. Page 235.
• 18. Milliken, Fred. "Is A Reconciliation Between The Catholic Church And Freemasonry Possible?" Freemason Information. April 10, 2016. https://freemasoninformation.com/bee-hive/is-a-reconciliation-between-the-catholic-church-and-freemasonry-possible/.
• 19. Jeffers, H. Paul. Freemasons: Inside the World's Oldest Secret Society. Citadel Press, 2005. Page 121.